Also known as "the man who financed the Civil War," because he started a 1873 financial collapse, aka The Panic of 1873. This, in turn sparked a severe nationwide depression. On January 1, 1861, Cooke established Jay Cooke & Company in Philadelphia.
 He invested in the Northern Pacific Railroad, but the railroad's continuing loss of money and a general bad money market caused insolvency and Jay Cooke & Company folded. The fall of Jay Cooke and Co.  started a financial panic wherein several companies went bankrupt and the stock market crashed. Overspeculation and a lack of money caused a nationwide depression that affected millions of people for the rest of the decade.

Panic of 1873 (ABC Clio)(Secondary)

The panic of 1873 was New York City Stock Exchange's collapsing of the large investment from Jay Cooke and co. because of their investing too heavily in railroad securities. The collapse affected the entire stock market, and soon other large eastern firms failed. By 1875, about 500,000 men were unemployed, and a pay decrease for other workers caused a wave of strikes and labor violence. Thousands of stock market investors were ruined by the panic and resulting economic depression. It took until the 1880s for the American enomony to start to improve.

Race Relations

In the article about the voter IDs, I think federal officials are completely overthinking what South Carolina is making an effort to do here. South Carolina is trying to make a law that voters must present a photo ID when voting. Federal officials claim that this "could disproportionately keep black voters away from the polls." In my opinion, the federal officials are overlooking the actual reason of why the South Carolina government decided to do this. I think Federal officials are very paranoid in thinking that this is a shot at blacks who do not have photo ID to present. Federal officials also claimed that this was used to prevent blacks from voting because they are highly democratic and this government is favorable toward republicans.

Civil War Poem

Now we are engaged in a great civil war,
Testing whether our nation, so dedicated, can endure.
Have we forgotten our title that is United?
Our value of this is now being spited.
The topic overlooked, is the need for slavery.
Why would we need them? We're capable, strong, free.
If we are capable enough to fight in this war,
Then what do we need slavery for?

JIM: a complex individual.

Jim on the inside
Superstitious
Friendly
Compassionate
uneducated
capable
stubborn
ignorant

Jim on the outside

dirty

muscular

tall

        This connects to my description of Jim on the inside because it shows his friendly, compassionate ways of helping himself and Huck get to the free states so they can both be free. It also demonstrates his physical capabilities as a human.

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     This pictures illuminates my description of Jim on the outside because it shows his long body with muscular features including his arms, back, and calves. It also illustrates his unsanitary self  byshowing nothing on him but a cheap pair of pants.

      Lastly, here is a response to the ending question of the assignment. I feel that the image of Huck and Finn riding the raft, with text on the bottom, and a title on the top reading "Huckleberry Finn" (pictured above) illustrates the novel's text the best out of all the images shown in the gallery. Not only that, it illuminates the way Huck and Jim's relationship was. One way the image portrays Huck's way of being alone with Jim in the wilderness is that he standing with so much pride on the edge of the raft. This could not be more correct about the storyline because Huck constantly states his satisfaction with things in the nature. He loves the freedom to smoke, the abundance of food, and what he loves the most is the independence of it. Of course, I don't mean that he longs to be alone and by himself. What Huck truly loves the more than anything about being alone in the wilderness with Jim is that he is finally away from all authority. Subconsciously, Huck feels he can do better on his own by learning things by experience. He hated the morals, rules, and chores that Widow Douglas made him learn/do. He felt that these duties and rules were only leading him astray. He felt he could learn wrong from right much more effectively on his own. He especially hated his father. His father was surely not beneficial to even be around. The pride, contentment, satisfaction, and sense of independence that Huck has longed for for so long in his life is very well conveyed in the image. I think that Mark Twain portrays Jim as more of a character than a caricature. I think this because my definition and interpretation of a caricature is a broad image or mental picture of someone that doesn't really capture who the person actually is and what kind of person s/he is. In the story, Mark Twain gives Jim much more than just a broad picture of Jim. He illustrates Jim in the novel as a compasionate, fun-loving person who respects anybody who respects him.

im very strong

"Let a man know his worth, and keep things under his feet"

War of 1812: The War That Shouldn't have Happened

The reason this war even took place was because of Britain's behavior in the high seas caused much intereference with U.S trade. Great Britain and France had been fighting since the 1790s. James Madison eventually declared war on Britain in 1812. This happened of corse because of Britain's irresponsible actions in the high seas. However, Britain had finally agreed to respect the neutrality of the U.S ships. Because of the slow communication back in those days, Madison was not aware of the decision of respect from Britain and he declared war on Britain  before he knew of the sudden compassion from Britain.Some people wanted the war to happen because it would fulfill the upper midwest's goals of expansion and would also restore honor to the U.S. New England was very opposed to the war because the restrictions against trade with Great Britain hurt New England worse than there were interferences in the sea before the war. The U.S was unprepared for the war and started off poorly although they came out victorious after a final victory in New Orleans against the British forces.
Overall, I think George Washington would oppose the act of declaring war against Britain in this case. He states that "time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions."(74) If James Madison would have given this situation more time, the tension with the U.S. and Britain would have been broken because Madison would have received the information from Britain expressing Britain's compassion toward the interference of trade that Britain is causing for the U.S. "Religion and morality are indispensable supports [to political prosperity]."(75) Is it really moral to go out looking for a war like James Madison did? It really seems that Goerge Washington solely believes in morals and I don't believe that it is moral to declare war on something tat just needed a little more time.